Shaped by time: 12 Apostles
Visitors to this coast are humbled by a seascape that is both ancient in design and dynamic in form. The bone jarring slaps of leviathan waves an aural reminder of a distinct lack of permanency.
Contemplate this spectacular theatre of stone, sea, and sand from a network of trails and lookouts.
Limestone, a sedimentary rock, forms in layers, with the youngest rock closest to the surface. When you gaze at a cliff in this National Park, you’re peering into a vertical geological record spanning millions of years. Learn more about this fascinating process [here]!
Whilst the Port Campbell Limestone and the lower older calcareous clays (Gellibrand Marl) exposed in the lower layers range from 7 – 15 million years old, it is a common misconception that visitors are viewing an ancient seascape.
Current research and bathymetry indicate that at the end of the last ice age (18 000 years ago) the regional coastline would have been 70km south west of where it is today. With the ocean currently acting on the softer grey Port Campbell limestone there is a constant undermining of the younger, more brittle, yellow Port Campbell limestone that sits above it.
Dr Eric Bird surmises that the evolution of a rock stack from an intact headland, to a headland with arches, to free standing rock stacks, and eventual collapse would happen in the range of 1 000 – 2 400 years.
This wonderful natural gallery will continue to evolve and refresh it’s exhibitions!
So the spectacular variety of seascape in the Port Campbell National Park and Bay of Islands Coastal Park is the sum of 7 – 15 million years of limestone and clay formation and the variables of climate, rain, wind, wave and a rising sea level over the last 18 000 years
And all of that my friends has resulted in something very unique and very beautiful.
Discover Your Next Adventure
Explore more places to stay, play, and reconnect with nature in the Great Ocean Road Region
The Grotto
Port Campbell Discovery Walk
Port Campbell Beach
Princetown Beach
12 Apostles
Great Ocean Walk
For personalised advice and expert recommendations, stop by one of our Visitor Information Centres. Our local Great Ocean Road experts can help you tailor your trip and provide insights on top attractions, camping spots, and travel tips to make your stay unforgettable.
Discover Your Next 12 Apostles Adventure
Explore more places to stay, play, and reconnect with nature in the Great Ocean Road Region
